Kobe University, Graduate school of Agriculture

Bioresource Science, Laboratory of Forest Resources

Prof. Keiko Kuroda

Japanese version is here.

June, 2020

1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan

 

Recent reports

  1. 1.Keiko Kuroda, Izumi Chuma, Takeo Kihara, Tsubasa Murakami, Kuya Takashina, Daiki Hiraoka, Norikazu Kameyama: First report of Fusarium solani species complex as a causal agent of Erythrina variegata decline and death after gall formation by Quadrastichus erythrinae on Okinawa Island, Japan, J Gen Plant Pathol 83:344–357, DOI 10.1007/s10327-017-0738-3, 2017.        Download:10.1007_s10327-017-0738-3.pdf

  2. 2.Satsuki Sumida, Chie Kajii, Takeshige Morita, Keiko Kuroda: Disease development in Ficus cαγica seedlings after inoculation with Ceratocystis ficicola. (2) Microscopic analysis of the host-pathogen interaction and internal symptoms (in Japanese with English summary) Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 11/2016; 82(4).

  3. 3.Takeshige Morita, Shota Jikumaru, Keiko Kuroda: Disease development in Ficus carica plants after inoculation with Ceratocystis ficicola. (1) Relationship between xylem dysfunction and wilt symptoms (in Japanese with English summary), Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 11/2016; 82(4).

  4. 4.Ayumi Shiraki, Wakana Azuma, Keiko Kuroda, H. Roaki Ishii: Physiological and morphological acclimation to height in cupressoid leaves of 100-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa. Tree Physiology 10/2016;  DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpw096

  5. 5.Takeo Kihara, Tsubasa Murakami, Izumi Chuma, Norikazu Kameyama, Keiko Kuroda: A pathological and anatomical study on the factor of phloem necrosis and wilt of Erythrina variegata. (in Japanese)

  6. 6.Takeshi Sasaki, Shota Jikumaru, Wakana Azuma, Keiko Kuroda, Hiroaki Ishii: Oviposition site selection by Japanese gypsy moth ( Lymatria dispar japonica ) in a warm-temperate secondary forest in western Japan. Forest Science and Technology 03/2016;  DOI:10.1080/21580103.2015.1132782

  7. 7.Wakana Azuma · H. Roaki Ishii · Katsushi Kuroda · Keiko Kuroda : Function and structure of leaves contributing to increasing water storage with height in the tallest Cryptomeria japonica trees of Japan. Trees DOI 10.1007/s00468-015-1283-3, 2015.

  8. 8.H Ishii, W Azuma, K Kuroda, SC Sillett: Pushing the limits to tree height: could foliar water storage compensate for hydraulic constraints in Sequoia sempervirens? Functional Ecology 04/2014, DOI:10.1111/1365-2435.12284

  9. 9.C Kajii, T Morita, K Kuroda Laticifers of ficus carica and their potential role in plant defense, IAWA journal 35(2):109-115, 2014  Full text PDF download

  10. 10.Kajii, C., Morita, T., Jikumaru, S., Kajimura, H., Yamaoka Y. and Kuroda, K.: Xylem dysfunction in Ficus carica infected with wilt fungus Ceratocystis ficicola and the role of the vector beetle Euwallacea interjectus, IAWA Journal 34 (3): 301–312, 2013 Full text PDF download

  11. 11.Kuroda K., Osumi K. and Oku H.: Reestablishing the health of secondary forests “Satoyama” endangered by Japanese oak wilt: A preliminary report.  Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 4:192-198, 2012 (ISSN 2141-2154)

  12. 12.Asai M. and Kuroda, K. : Size and density of resin canals are not factors preventing pathogen activities in Pinus densiflora cultivars resistant to pine wilt. The 3rd meeting of IUFRO Working Unit 7.03.12 "Alien invasive species and international trade", Tokyo, Japan, 10-13 June, 2012 pdf download

  13. 13.Kuroda, K.: Monitoring of xylem embolism and dysfunction by the acoustic emission technique in Pinus thunbergii inoculated with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.  J. Forest Research 17:58–64,  2012

  14. 14.Kuroda, K., Osumi, K. and Oku, H.: How to recover the health of secondary forest “Satoyama” declining by the Japanese oak wilt", Global change and forest diseases: new threats new strategies, IUFRO 2011 Working Party 7.02.02 Foliage, shoot and stem diseases of forest trees, abstract, 23 - 28 May, 2011, Cantabria, Spain, 2011.05

  15. 15.Kuroda K, Osumi K, Oku H: A social experiment for the reconstruction of resilience in "Satoyama Social-Ecological System" in Japan.  XXIII IUFRO World Congress, 2010 Seoul, Korea, Technical Session H-02, Abstract No.S01504, 2010.08

  16. 16.Kuroda, K.: Incomplete defense system of trees against infection with pathogenic microorganisms. IAWA, IAWS and IUFRO Conference, 23-26 June 2010, MADISON, WISCONSIN, USA, 2010.06

  17. 17.Kuroda K, Osumi K, Oku H: "Current style Satoyama utilization to recover the forest health, URBIO2010, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Urban Biodiversity and Design, Nagoya, Japan, 18 -23 May 2010,  S14-3, P167, 2010.05

  18. 18.Kuroda, K.:  Anatomical factors related to the resistance of pine trees to the pine wilt disease.  The 7th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, 3rd to 5th. August 2009, Abstract, 2009.08

  19. 19.Keiko Kuroda: Pine Wilt Disease, Zhao, Futai, Sutherland, Takeuchi (Eds.), Part V Host Responses and Wilting Mechanisms, 20 Introduction, 21 Physiological Incidences Related to Symptom Development and Wilting Mechanism. Springer, 202-222, 2008

  20. 20.Keiko Kuroda: Pine Wilt Disease: A Worldwide Threat to Forest Ecosystems, M.M. Mota, P. Vieira (eds.), Part 6 Defense Systems of Pinus Densiflora Cultivars Selected as Resistant to PineWilt Disease. Springer, 315-322, 2008

  21. 21.Kuroda, K.: Anatomical and noninvasive techniques to detect the first internal symptom in diseased trees.  Symposium: A Century of Wood Anatomy and 75 Years of IAWA, Botany 2006, Chico, California, USA July 29 - August 2.  Abstracts p.11, 2006

  22. 22.Kuroda, K.: Defense systems of Pinus densiflora cultivars selected as resistant to pine wilt.  Pine wilt disease: a worldwide threat to forest ecosystems. 10-14 July 2006, Lisbon, Portugal  Abstracts p. 47, 2006

  23. 23.Kuroda, K., Kanbara, Y., Inoue, T. and Ogawa, A.:  Magnetic resonance micro-imaging of xylem sap distribution and necrotic lesions in tree stems.  IAWA Journal 27(1):3-17. 2006. (PDF file download)

  24. 24.Kuroda, K., Ichihara, Y., Kanbara, Y., Inoue, T. and Ogawa, A.:  Visualization of a host reaction in oak stems infected with a wilt pathogen, Raffaelea quercivora, by magnetic resonance imaging. 6th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference 2005 Kyoto Japan, Abstracts p.64-65, 2005

  25. 25. Kuroda, K.:  Xylem dysfunction in Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis) after inoculation with the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. Forest Pathology 35(5): 346-358. 2005.  (PDF file download)

  26. 26.Kuroda, K.:  Inhibiting factors of symptom development in several Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) families selected as resistant to pine wilt.  Journal of Forest Research 9: 217-224, 2004   (PDF file download)

  27. 27.Kuroda, K., Ichihara, Y., Kanbara, Y., Inoue, T. and Ogawa, A.: Magnetic Resonance imaging of xylem dysfunction in Quercus crispula infected with a wilt pathogen, Raffaelea quercivora.  Abstract of IUFRO Working Party 7.02.02  FOLIAGE, SHOOT & STEM DISEASES, June 13-19, 2004, Oregon, USA, P.16, 2004.

  28. 28.Kuroda, K.: Degradation of Conifer Plantations in the Kansai District.  Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute,  2:247-254, 2003.     (PDF file download)

  29. 29.Kuroda, K., Kanbara, Y., Inoue, T. and Ogawa, A.: Analysis of NMR-CT images to detect the xylem dysfunction and lesions in tree trunks.  Abstract of 5th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference (Indonesia, Yogyakarta), IAWA Journal, 23:469-470, 2002

  30. 30.Kuroda, K.: The mechanism of tracheid cavitation in trees infected with wilt diseases. Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Party 7.02.02 shoot and Foliage Diseases, P.17-23, Hyytiala, Finland, 2001   

  31. 31.Kuroda, K.: Responses of Quercus sapwood to infection with the pathogenic fungus of a new wilt disease vectored by the barkbeetle Platypus quercivorus. J. Wood Science 47: 425-429 , 2001 (PDF file download,     Abstract)

  32. 32.Kuroda, K.: Anatomical assessment of age of infection with resinous stem canker in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and the factors promoting resinosis. J. Jpn Wood Res Soc, 46(6), 503-509, 2000

  33. 33.Kuroda, K. Kuroda, H. Lewis, A. M.: Detection of embolism and acoustic emissions in tracheids under a microscope: Incidence of diseased trees infected with pine wilt. New Horizons in wood Anatomy, ed. by YS Kim, Chonnam Nat'l Univ. Press, Kwangju, Korea, 372-377, 2000 (The 4th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference in Korea, 1998

  34. 34.Kuroda, K.: Seasonal variation in traumatic resin canal formation in Chamaecyparis obtusa phloem. IAWA J. 19: 181-189, 1998

  35. 35.Kuroda, K. and Kiyono, Y.: Seasonal Rhythms of Xylem Growth Measured by the Wounding Method and with a Band-Dendrometer: An instance of Chamaecyparis Obtusa . IAWA Journal 18:291-299, 1997. 

  36. 36.Kuroda, K. and Yamada, T.: Discoloration of sapwood and blockage of xylem sap ascent in the trunks of wilting Quercus spp. following attack by Platypus quercivorus. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 78(1):84-88, 1996.  

  37. 37.Kuroda, K.: Acoustic emission technique for the detection of abnormal cavitation in pine trees infected with pine wilt disease. International symposium on pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode (China). Proceedings 53-58, 1996 (PDF file download)

  38. 38.Kuroda, K., Yamada, T. and Ito, S.: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induced pine wilt: Factors associated with resistance. Eur. J. For. Path. 21, 430-438, 1991 (PDF file download)

  39. 39.Kuroda, K.: Mechanism of cavitation development in the pine wilt disease. Eur. J. For. Path. 21, 82-89, 1991  (PDF file download)

  40. 40.Kuroda, K.: Terpenoids causing tracheid-cavitation in Pinus thunbergii infected by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Jpn. 55, 170-178, 1989  (PDF file download)

  41. 41.Kuroda, K., Yamada, T. and Mineo, K. Tamura, H.: Effects of cavitation on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Jpn. 54, 606-615, 1988  (PDF file download)



Abstracts of older publications: '96-2001

Keiko Kuroda:

Responses of Quercus sapwood to infection with the pathogenic fungus of a new wilt disease vectored by the barkbeetle Platypus quercivorus. J. Wood Science 47: , 2001.

    Quercus serrata and Q. crispula wilt during the summer in wide areas along the Sea of Japan. Mass attacks of trees by an ambrosia beetle (Platypus quercivorus ) are characteristic before the appearance of wilting symptoms. This study investigated the pathogenic effects of a fungus detected specifically in the wilting trees. This fungus, tentatively named Ooak fungus, has a distribution that correlates the discolored xylem area called wound heartwood, in which vessels were dysfunctional. Tylosis formation around the hyphae indicates the vessel dysfunction. In the areas under discoloration, the fungal hyphae were invading living ray parenchyma cells from vessel lumen. As a protective reaction, the ray cells exuded yellow substances into the vessels. However, these substances seemed ineffective against fungal activity, probably because the fungus disperses along the beetle's gallery before enough substance could accumulate. It should allow the wide discoloration in sapwood. Cambium was not necrotic around the fungus. Cytological process in the host was as follows: (1) Synthesis of secondary metabolites by the stimuli of oak fungus, (2) exudation of yellow substances into vessels, and (3) dysfunction of vessels and wound heartwood formation. In the wilting incidence of trees, pathogenicity of the fungus should be assessed by the ability to stop sap-flow.


Key words: Ambrosia beetle, Xylem discoloration, Wound heartwood, Vessel dysfunction, Secondary metabolites

 Download of PDF file



Kuroda, K.:
Anatomical assessment of age of infection with resinous stem canker in hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and the factors promoting resinosis. J. Jpn Wood Res Soc, 46(6), 503-509, 2000
    Highly frequent traumatic resin canal formation in the phloem is characteristic of resinous stem canker disease. A fungus, Cistella japonica, was reported as a candidate for causal agent, and some environmental factors may affect extensive and long-term resinosis in tree trunks. At several plantations in Maizuru and Kanazawa in Japan, resin canal formation and resin production appear to be active under conditions that promote tree growth. In the plantations where this disease was frequently observed, even trees without resinosis contained traumatic resin canals. Such trees are not healthy, but 'diseased trees without visible symptoms'. Extensive resinosis is often discovered at mature plantations about 20 years old. However, the onset of this disease was estimated to occur at the very young age of about 5 to 8 years, based on the fact that wound resin canals are not formed in the phloem more than three years old. Disease-promoting factors should therefore be surveyed tracing back to the earlier period. The distribution of resin canals throughout a trunk circumference suggests that the stimuli that induce epithelial cell differentiation affect the entire trunk. Some physiological aspects of trees may relate to the sensitivity to resin canal formation. Partial necrosis of cambium was observed in the specimens with resinosis, except for the youngest of age 11, and was associated with resin pockets. Well-grown trees have a tendency to promote resinosis and cambium necrosis.


Kuroda, K. Kuroda, H. Lewis, A. M.:
Detection of embolism and acoustic emissions in tracheids under a microscope: Incidence of diseased trees infected with pine wilt. New Horizons in wood Anatomy, ed. by YS Kim, Chonnam Nat'l Univ. Press, Kwangju, Korea, 372-377, 2000 (The 4th Pacivic Resional Wood Anatomy Conference in Korea, 1998, IAWA Journal 19(4) P.463-464 1998).
    Xylem-sap in the water conduits is kept under tension when transpiration is active. The conduit's water columns can break under high tension and form bubbles (emboli). In healthy plants, water columns recover by rehydration when the tension is reduced. In trees infected with wilting diseases, however, sap ascent finally stops without recovering in dehydrated xylem areas. We observed embolism in light-microscope sections of diseased trees and confirmed the relationship between bubble development and acoustic emissions (AEs) that are detected at embolism. We discuss the mechanism of water blockage in pine wilt disease.
     Three-year-old Japanese red-pines (Pinus densiflora), inoculated with pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and healthy trees, were used. Embolism was observed on radial sections (1x6mm) of 60 µm thick that contain a layer of intact tracheids, and was recorded on videotape (Lewis' method). At the same time, AEs were monitored with an AE-transducer attached to the sections. As the second experiment, the time necessary for the rehydration of healthy and infected pines following the addition of water was compared.
     First, dehydration without AEs occurred from cut-ends of tracheid injured during sectioning. Then, bubbles emerged near the centers of intact tracheids, abruptly swelled, and filled whole tracheids. Such bubble expansion is thought to occur by the evaporation of water into a very tiny bubble. During high-rate bubble formation, AEs were produced. We successfully recorded AEs as audible-sound through the audio terminal of the VTR. The AEs coincided with almost all of the rapid bubble development. This result supports the idea that AEs detected in the trunks of living trees are produced by embolism in tracheids. Two weeks after inoculation of the pathogen, water blockage by embolism had just occurred in a part of the xylem. In such trees, the time necessary for rehydration is longer than in healthy trees. It suggests that certain substances that inhibit bubble dissolution may exist in xylem.
In detail, see movie

Keiko Kuroda:

Seasonal variation in traumatic resin canal formation in Chamaecyparis obtusa phloem. IAWA J. 19: 181-189, 1998.

    Trunks of Chamaecyparis obtusa were injured to examine the seasonal differences in traumatic resin canal formation in secondary phloem. Even after the wounding during winter, differentiation of axial parenchyma into epithelium was initiated, and vertical resin canals formed. After winter wounding, resin canal development was slower, the tangential extent of resin canals was narrower, and it took one to two months until resin secretion began. After spring wounding, the sites of resin canal formation were the one- and 2-year-old annual ring of phloem. In August, the location shifted into the current and one-year-old annual ring. Resin canals never formed in areas that were 3 or more years old. In C. obtusa trunks that are affected by the resinous stem canker, numerous tangential lines of resin canals are found throughout the phloem, not just recent and 1--2 year old phloem. The present research indicates that these many lines of resin canals were not formed at one time, and that the stimuli that induce traumatic resin canals must occur repeatedly over many years. The data on artificial wounding effects are useful for understanding resinous stem canker.
Key words: Traumatic resin canal, secondary phloem, Chamaecyparis obtusa, resinous stem canker, injury


Keiko Kuroda and Yoshiuki Kiyono:
Seasonal Rhythms of Xylem Growth Measured by the Wounding Method and with a Band-Dendrometer: An instance of Chamaecyparis Obtusa. IAWA Journal 18:291-299, 1997.
    The pinning method for the measurement of xylem growth was modified for easier application. Trunks of Chamaecyparis obtusa were monthly incised with a knife instead of a thin needle. Two years later, xylem blocks including wounded areas were all harvested, and xylem growth curves for two years were reconstructed from the sites of wound tissue. Circumferential increases were measured with the band-dendrometer on the same trees for comparison. Measurement by wounding method indicated a tendency for cambial cell production to accelerate twice a year, around May and August. Circumferential increase measured with the band dendrometer differed from radial growth. It was very small around August and continued after the cessation of cell-production. The climatic data near the plantation suggested circumferential size of trunks is probably affected by the physical shrinkage of trunks because of water shortage during the drought season and trunk swelling following precipitation. Circumferential increments did not reflect the seasonal rhythms of xylem growth. Therefore, for the detailed information on the radial growth within a season, the wounding method is recommended. Key words: Xylem growth, pinning method, wounding method, band- dendrometer, drought shrinkage, Chamaecyparis obtusa .


K. Kuroda and T. Yamada:
Discoloration of sapwood and blockage of xylem sap ascent in the trunks of wilting Quercus spp. following attack by Platypus quercivorus. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 78:84-88, 1996.
    Many deciduous oak trees, Quercus serrata and Q. crispula are wilting during summer in the wide areas of Honshu island of Japan along the Japan sea. Such forests that had been used for charcoal production are not managed appropriately now. Prior to wilting, mass attacks by an ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus , into trunks were observed. A specific fungus, which is carried into xylem via beetles' mycangia, had been detected from wilting trees. We discussed on the determinant factor of this oak wilting, from the observation of tree tissues taken from trees attacked by the beetle. Following the beetles' invasion, xylem discoloration had occurred in sapwood surrounding long galleries whether the tree is wilting or not. Fungal hyphae were found in vessels near the galleries. The xylem sap ascent was blocked at such discolored xylem like heartwood. Discolored area became maximum where beetles' gallery elongated in high density usually from the base to the breast height of trunks. Before the start of wilting symptom, sap ascent had been completely blocked in trunks at the height of maximum discoloration for most vessels became dysfunctional in the current annual ring, and occasionally cambium was necrotic.

Research field

  1. Forest pathology and Forest health

  2. Functional anatomy of trees

  3. Tree physiology

Publications

  1. - Takashina K,  Izumi C, Kajimura H, Kameyama N, Goto C,  Kuroda K: Pathogenicity and Distribution of Fusarium solani Isolates Associated with Erythrina Decline in Japan. Plant Dis. 104(3):731-742, 2020, doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0044-RE.  Open access : Download from here.


  2. -Kuroda K, Myokai N, Azuma W: Functional strategy of lianas Wisteria and Actinidia spp. against drought stress: The role of narrow vessels and axial parenchyma. XI International workshop on Sap flow, Hyytiälä forestry field station, Finland, October 7-11, 2019


  3. -Yamada K, Azuma W, Ishii H, Kuroda K: Functional strategy of Cinnamomum camphora to recover embolism and survive the drought condition. XI International workshop on Sap flow, Hyytiälä forestry field station, Finland, October 7-11, 2019


  4. -Keiko Kuroda, Izumi Chuma, Takeo Kihara, Tsubasa Murakami, Kuya Takashina, Daiki Hiraoka, Norikazu Kameyama: First report of Fusarium solani species complex as a causal agent of Erythrina variegata decline and death after gall formation by Quadrastichus erythrinae on Okinawa Island, Japan, J Gen Plant Pathol 83:344–357, DOI 10.1007/s10327-017-0738-3, 2017. Open access Download:10.1007_s10327-017-0738-3.pdf


  5. -Satsuki Sumida, Chie Kajii, Takeshige Morita, Keiko Kuroda: Disease development in Ficus cαγica seedlings after inoculation with Ceratocystis ficicola. (2) Microscopic analysis of the host-pathogen interaction and internal symptoms (in Japanese with English summary) Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 11/2016; 82(4).


  6. -Takeshige Morita, Shota Jikumaru, Keiko Kuroda: Disease development in Ficus carica plants after inoculation with Ceratocystis ficicola. (1) Relationship between xylem dysfunction and wilt symptoms (in Japanese with English summary), Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 11/2016; 82(4).


  7. -Ayumi Shiraki, Wakana Azuma, Keiko Kuroda, H. Roaki Ishii: Physiological and morphological acclimation to height in cupressoid leaves of 100-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa. Tree Physiology 10/2016;  DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpw096


  8. -Takeo Kihara, Tsubasa Murakami, Izumi Chuma, Norikazu Kameyama, Keiko Kuroda: A pathological and anatomical study on the factor of phloem necrosis and wilt of Erythrina variegata. (in Japanese)


  9. -Takeshi Sasaki, Shota Jikumaru, Wakana Azuma, Keiko Kuroda, Hiroaki Ishii: Oviposition site selection by Japanese gypsy moth ( Lymatria dispar japonica ) in a warm-temperate secondary forest in western Japan. Forest Science and Technology 03/2016;  DOI:10.1080/21580103.2015.1132782

Research subjects

Embolism and cavitation in wilting disease  

  1. Movie of embolism & acoustic emission

  2. MR Imaging of water distribution in tree trunks


Pine wilt caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

  1. Symptoms

  2. Wilting mechanism

  3. Embolism detected by acoustic emission technique


Mass mortality of oak trees caused by Raffaelea quercivora

  (Japanese oak wilt)

  1. Wilting mechanisms (photos)

  2. Related reports (abstract)


Wilt disease of Picea and Larix species caused by blue stain fungi Ceratocystis sp.

  1. Wilting mechanism: Outline

  2. Xylem dysfunction in spruce trees (PDF file)

  3. Reaction of host cells against pathogen

  4. Formation of wound heartwood

  5. What is the indicator of healthy forest?

  1. The 9th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference,Bali, Indonesia, Aug. 2017

  2. 箇条書き項目K Kuroda, I Chuma, K Takashina, T Kihara, T Murakami, D Hiraoka, N Kameyama: Causal agent of Erythrina variegata decline and mortality is not a gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae but a fungus belonging to Fusarium solani species complex, 9th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Bali, Indonesia, Aug. 2017

  3. 箇条書き項目K Takashina, T Kihara, C Goto, I Chuma, K Kuroda: Pathogenicity of a fungus belongs to Fusarium solani species complex to Erythrina variegata, 9th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Bali, Indonesia, Aug. 2017

  4. 箇条書き項目NMyokai, K Kuroda : Ecological and functional strategy of lianas judging from distribution of parenchyma and tracheids in Wisteria and Actinidia spp., 9th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Bali, Indonesia, Aug. 2017

  5. 箇条書き項目Noguchi Y, ISHII H, Kuroda K : Anatomy and hypothetical experiments to demonstrate the role of parenchyma and tracheids to keep water conduction in Cinnamomum camphora, 9th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Bali, Indonesia, Aug. 2017


  1. The 9th International Symposium of Pine Wilt Disease, Seoul, South Korea; 08/2016

  2. 箇条書き項目Keiko Kuroda, Akira Kenmochi: Risk of killing uninfected pine trees by the repeated trunk-injection of nematicides to prevent pine wilt. The 9th International Symposium of Pine Wilt Disease, Seoul, South Korea; 08/2016

  3. 箇条書き項目Kohei Kitagawa, Kana Hotta, Takeo Kihara, Ayumi Shiraki, Hiroaki Ishii, Keiko Kuroda: Sustainable management of "Satoyama" secondary forest after the extensive damages by pine wilt in the western Japan. The 9th International Symposium of Pine Wilt Disease, Seoul, South Korea; 08/2016


  1. Takeshi Sasaki, Keiko Kuroda, Hiroaki Ishii, Kana Hotta, Shohei Matsukawa; Japanese oak wilt and grazing damage by shika deer are threatening the health of secondary forests, “Satoyama”, URBIO, Korea, 2014


  2. The 8th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, 17-21 October 2013, Nanjing Forestry University, China

  3. 箇条書き項目Keiko Kuroda: Collaboration of wilt pathogen and vector beetle induces extensive xylem dysfunction and wilt symptom successfully.

  4. 箇条書き項目C. Kajii, K. Kuroda, et al.: Xylem dysfunction in Ficus carica infected with a wilt fungus Ceratocystis ficicola and the role of the vector beetle Euwallacea interjectus

  5. 箇条書き項目C. Kajii & K. Kuroda: Laticifer structures of Ficus carica L.


  1. International Congress on Biological Invasions, October 2013, Qingdao, China (IUFRO Working Unit 7.03.12)

  2. Keiko Kuroda : Pine wilt in Japan: Insufficient understanding of the mechanism of disease development even a century after the invasion.


Download of THE MONTESCLAROS DECLARATION” on the invasive tree diseases and pests.

   Crick here “montesclaros-declaration.pdf”