Viscoelastic deformation after the 1946 Nankai earthquake

Viscoelastic deformation expected at the ground surface between 1947 and 1968/1971 with geometric inputs of the subducting Philippine Sea plate and the slip distribution during the 1946 Nankai earthquake (M8.1) calculated using the three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element method. Pink arrows indicate horizontal displacement. Red and blue indicate vertical displacement for subsidence and uplift, respectively.